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Internal medicine focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases, covering a broad spectrum of conditions affecting various organ systems. Among its subspecialties, rheumatology deals specifically with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that primarily affect joints, muscles, and connective tissues. Rheumatologists diagnose and manage conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and vasculitis. These diseases often present with chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, and fatigue, requiring long-term management strategies. Treatment typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents targeting specific immune pathways. Advancements in rheumatology have significantly improved patient outcomes. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment strategies help prevent joint damage and disability. Personalized medicine, including biomarker-driven therapies, is revolutionizing rheumatologic care by enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects. Collaboration between rheumatologists and other specialists in internal medicine, such as nephrologists and pulmonologists, is often essential in managing systemic autoimmune diseases. Given the complex and chronic nature of rheumatologic disorders, patient education and multidisciplinary care are crucial in improving quality of life. Ongoing research continues to refine treatment approaches, offering hope for better disease control and potential remission in the future.